Resolving personal and organizational conflict Essay

Resolving personal and organizational conflict - Essay Example The application of the conflict triangle can be seen as part of the situation in the way the presence of its three interrelated dimensions is undeniable; substance, procedure and relationship. The substantive dimension is a reflection of the concrete content of the conflict; that is, to be closer to my husband’s family and friends we will have to move to his home country whereas if I want to get my PhD from here. The other dimension is that of the procedural dimension which depicts the process that is used to make the decision. This can be the intense long talks that we have, the number of pros and cons lists which we have made over the course of this entire conflict and the conversations that have taken place; all of which that have been conducted with the intent of solving this problem. The last dimension is that of the relationship which encompasses our reactions, attitudes, power and most of all the intimacy and intensity of the bond we share as husband and wife where the conflict has a great impact on the course our life and relationship takes. The progress that we make on one dimension will have a critical impact the others. This can be seen in the way the procedural dimension, our constant conversations leading to no resolution, having an impact on our relationship.The position of the parties can be seen in the roles which I and my husband occupy in our marriage. We both fulfill the role of providers since the both of us have jobs. My husband is adamant that we move back.... number of pros and cons lists which we have made over the course of this entire conflict and the conversations that have taken place; all of which that have been conducted with the intent of solving this problem. The last dimension is that of the relationship which encompasses our reactions, attitudes, power and most of all the intimacy and intensity of the bond we share as husband and wife where the conflict has a great impact on the course our life and relationship takes. The progress that we make on one dimension will have a critical impact the others. This can be seen in the way the procedural dimension, our constant conversations leading to no resolution, having an impact on our relationship. The position of the parties can be seen in the roles which I and my husband occupy in our marriage. We both fulfill the role of providers since the both of us have jobs. We contribute equally towards the paying of bills and various household necessities. I take classes as well and will cont inue to do so as I want to do my PhD. My husband works full time and our relationship is relatively balanced in the way we both contribute to the completion of the household chores. We have one child so other than our jobs and my studies we devote the rest of the time for each other and have been a happy family for the past years. As far as our interests are concerned we usually manage our disagreements by finding common ground and quarrel infrequently. However our divergent interest as far as the current situation is concerned is a source of great unease for me. My husband is adamant that we move back to his home with his family now that I have completed my masters. We had initially planned to move back once I had graduated however I had always assumed that since we had settled so well and

Assignment5 economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment5 economics - Essay Example The third step is to cut back the business hours. The business ethics component of this move is that if one is in the business of pharmaceuticals and health care, one risks the chance of causing damage to patients who will need your services by cutting back on the business hours. The fourth step is to close one's business for a week or two to actually take a vacation. The business ethics aspect of this decision is that if one has a pharmaceutical or health care business, one risks the possibility of causing inconvenience to one's clients. The fifth step is to bring in a family member to split the current "job load. The ethical consideration of this move is that one has to ensure that his/her relatives or siblings must do business observing fairness, honesty, transparency and accountability to government laws. Zambia is landlocked and has a low population composed of 70 ethnic groups, many of them Bantu-speaking. The country boasts of spectacular scenery spanning the Victoria Falls along the Zambezi river, the Bangweulu Swamps and the Luangwa river valley. Millions of Zambians live below the World Bank poverty threshold of $1 a day. Zambia currently receives and provides shelter for tens of thousands of refugees who have fled fighting in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (World Factbook 2008). The World Bank Poverty Assessment Report (2007) has identified these areas of economic concern afflicting Zambia consisting of the high level of international debt, deterioration in the international price of copper, macro instability, the collapse of major manufacturing industries, the scourge of HIVIAIDS, and acute governance and policy failures.Zambia has been one of most heavily indebted developing countries. However, the government has done serious efforts to pare down its international debt st ock. Zambia obtained a total of 6.6 billion dollars of debt relief in 2005. (Scotland Aid Agency, 2008). If the Debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio is 133%, this means that Zambia is paying millions on debt interest only. This is money that could be used to fund social programs or provide employment programs. Therefore, the unemployment rate is also adversely affected because the government doesn't have sufficient funds to begin or maintain such social programs. The unemployment and underemployment levels are very high. This means that many head of the families are out of work. Many families are hungry and in deep need of aid in social services such as health and education.The country has to contend with an expensive disease which has no long term cure. The high rate of HIV/AIDs incidence also means that the country will need international assistance from the World Health Organization to combat this scourge. In 20013, HIVIAIDS prevalence was estimated at 18 percent for women and 13 percent for men, and Zambia was entering its third decade of double-digit HIVIAIDS prevalence. The country does not have the financial resources to finance health services and medicines to combat HIV/AIDS. The low growth of the GDP is the result of weak government policies, poor business environment, lower foreign and local investments resulting in fewer businesses and fewer jobs available in the market. The literacy rate of Zambia is relatively low (65%)

Energy Audit Essay Example for Free

Energy Audit Essay

Difference between Transactional and Transformational Leader

Difference between Transactional and Transformational Leader Compare and contrast between Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership. What are the significant differences between the two leadership models? Give relevant examples. 1.0 What is Leadership? Leadership  has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist or procure the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. It is the way of organizing a group of people for the purpose of achieving a common goal. A leader is the person to who is capable of guiding, inspiring and associating others with the dream goal. In addition, there are various types of leadership models which include transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and charismatic leadership and so on. In this contest, transactional leadership and transformational leadership will be compared and contrasted. 2.0 Description Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership  is a term used to classify a formally known group  leadership  theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and followers. A transactional leader focuses more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals. The transactional leadership style developed by Bass is based on the hypothesis that followers are motivated through a system of rewards and punishment.   The transactional leaders view of the leader / follower relationship is one of quid pro quo or this for that.   If the follower does something good, then they will be rewarded.   If the follower does something wrong, then they will be punished. Transformational Leadership Transformational  leadership  is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a variety of mechanisms. These include connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization; being a role model for followers that inspires them; challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance. The theory behind  transformational leaders, on the other hand is based, on the hypothesis that leaders can exploit a need of the follower.   These particular needs are not based on quid pro quo transactions, but higher order needs.   These needs are those of the total person, and are closely aligned with the internal  motivational factors  of the follower. So at one end of the spectrum we have transactional leaders that are making many deals with those being led.   On the other end of the spectrum, we have transformational leaders, which are looking to satisfy a greater need of an individual. 3.0 Mission Transactional Leader: approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another Burns pursues a cost benefit, economic exchange to met subordinates current material and psychic needs in return for contracted services rendered by the subordinate . Bass Here, transformational leaders make exchange of work with their followers for benefit or rewards. Followers are motivated with the rewards being given. Transformational Leader: recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (and) looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower Burns The leader who recognizes the transactional needs in potential followers but tends to go further, seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs, to engage the full person of the follower to a higher level of need according to Maslows hierarchy of needs Bass Here, transformational leaders tend to focus on the move to change the followers and the organization. In addition, as explained by Bass, the transactional leaders focus on the organizational work within the organizational culture as the way it exists; on the other hand, the transformational leaders try to bring changes to the organizational culture. 4.0 Personal characteristics Transactional Directive Dominating Action-Oriented Transformational Self Confident Assertive Seizes Opportunities Tolerates Risk Uses Systems Thinking 5.0 Characteristics of Transactional leaders 1.  Contingent rewards:   Transactional leaders link the goal to rewards, clarify expectations, provide necessary resources, set mutually agreed upon goals, and provide various kinds of rewards for successful performance. They set SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely) goals for their subordinates. These leaders work on some aspects which include; Exchange of rewards for effort contracted. Rewards for achieving goals promised. Accomplishments recognized. Clear goals and recognition once they are reached is held to result in individuals and groups achieving expected levels of performance. 2.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Management by exception (active): Transactional leaders actively monitor the work of their subordinates, watch for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action to prevent mistakes. These personalities also include; Standards specified by leader. Deviations are searched from the rules and standards. Corrective action taken quickly if necessary. May involve follower punishment. 3.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Management by exception (passive): Transactional leaders intervene only when standards are not met or when the performance is not as per the expectations. They may even use punishment as a response to unacceptable performance. These leaders have some uniqueness which include; Leader awaits emergence of problems before acting. Intervenes only if standards are not met. 4.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Passive-avoidant/Laissez-faire: The leader provides an environment where the subordinates get many opportunities to make decisions. The leader himself abdicates responsibilities and avoids making decisions and therefore the group often lacks direction. This can also be explained as; Agreements are not specified; there are no expectations set; and goals and standards are avoided. 6. 0 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership 1. Charisma or idealized influence The degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways that cause followers to identify with the leader. Charismatic leaders display convictions, take stands and appeal to followers on an emotional level. This is about the leader having a clear set of values and demonstrating them in every action, providing a role model for their followers. 2. Inspirational  motivation The degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning provide the energy that drives a group forward. It is also important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by  skills that allow the leader to articulate his or her vision with precision and power in a compelling and persuasive way. 3. Intellectual stimulation The degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, takes risks and solicits followers ideas. Leaders with this trait stimulate and encourage  creativity  in their followers. 4. Individualized consideration or individualized attention The degree to which the leader attends to each followers needs, acts as a mentor or coach to the follower and listens to the followers concerns and needs. This also encompasses the need to respect and celebrate the individual contribution that each follower can make to the team (it is the diversity of the team that gives it its true strength). Transformational Leaders Motivating for performance beyond expectations. Inspiring for missions beyond self interest. Instilling confidence to achieve performance.Transformational leadership goes beyond transactional leadership. Transactional Leaders Motivating for performance at expected levels. Initiating structure to clarify the task and roles. Stressing the link between reward and goal achievement. Uses agreed upon performance to motivate. Performance beyond expectations 7.0 Assumptions Transformational leaders People get inspired by a person then they will follow that person. Great things can be achieved by person with vision and passion. Things are gotten done by the way they are injected with enthusiasm and energy. Transactional Leaders Followers/Employees are motivated by reward and punishment. Orders are given by the superiors, and the subordinates have to obey the orders. These subordinates are not self-motivated rather they need to be intimately monitored and controlled in order to get the work done from them. 8.0 Differences Transitional leaders Transactional leaders are aware of the link between the effort and reward Transactional leadership is responsive and its basic orientation is dealing with present issues Transactional leaders rely on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment and sanction to control followers Transactional leaders motivate followers by setting goals and promising rewards for desired performance Transactional leadership depends on the leaders power to reinforce subordinates for their successful completion of the bargain. Transformational leaders Transformational leaders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond the framework of what may be described as exchange relations Transformational leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followers Transformational leaders are distinguished by their capacity to inspire and provide individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence to their followers Transformational leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and stimulate followers to solve problems Transformational leaders possess good visioning, rhetorical and management skills, to develop strong emotional bonds with followers Transformational leaders motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest. In addition, the below table will give a detailed contrast of the differences between Transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Transactional Leadership Leadership of the status quo. Effective in stable organizations and contexts. More likely to be observed in a well-ordered society. Focuses on social and economic exchanges between leaders and followers, using contingent rewards and administrative actions to reinforce positive and reform negative behaviors. Leader-follower relationship sees each exchange needs and services to satisfy their independent objectives. Follower response based on compliance. Supervision likely to be important. Leadership act takes place but leaders and followers not bound together in mutual pursuit of higher purpose. Founded on peoples need to make a living by completing tasks. Focuses on situational authority, politics and perks. Involves values, but typically those required for successful exchange relationships (for example, reciprocity, and integrity).   Emphasis on day-to-day affairs, business needs short-term goals and quantitative information. Leader-follower relationship may be established quickly. A relatively impersonal relationship maintained only as long as benefits outweigh costs.   Tends to be transitory. Once a transaction is completed, relationship may need to be redefined. Emphasizes tactical issues. Typically involves working within current systems.   Supports structures and systems that emphasize outcomes. Follower counseling focuses on evaluation. Atomistic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on teleological perspective (that is to say, based on consequences). Motivates followers by appealing to their own self-interest (for example, pay, and promotion).   Based on directive power acts. Transformational Leadership Leadership of change (within leaders, followers and organizations). Important in times of distress and rapid and destabilizing change. Focuses on organizational objectives and organizational change by disseminating new values and seeking alternatives to existing arrangements. Leader-follower relationship sees purposes of both become fused, leading to unity and shared purpose. Attempts to raise follower needs (following Maslows hierarchy) to higher levels (for example, self-esteem) and to develop followers into leaders. Based on interaction and influence. Follower response based on commitment. Supervision may be minimal. Leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality. Founded on peoples need for meaning. Focuses on personal power, values, morals and ethics. May be demonstrated by anyone in an organization in any type of position. Transcends daily affairs, concentrating on long-term issues. May take time for leader-follower bonds to develop. A personal relationship that may persist when costs outweigh benefits. Tends to be enduring. Emphasizes missions and strategies for achieving them. May involve redesigning of jobs to make them more meaningful and challenging. Emphasizes realization of human potential. Aligns structures and systems to overarching values and goals. Follower counseling focuses on personal development. Organic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on deontological perspective (that is to say, based on promises). In addition to the above table, their differences can also be categorized as the following; Basis Servant or steward Leadership Transformational leaders have idealized vision. They are likable and honorable hero that worth imitating and identifying. They lead to promote change in the environment. On the other hand, Transactional leaders have the basis of exchange process. They work on mutual need satisfying, giving rewards for job performance. They lead to promote stability in the workplace. Leadership development Transformational leaders tend to have more power. They empower and energize their followers excel. They re-engineer their followers. On the other hand, Transactional leaders design structures, control and reward system in their workplace to improve effectiveness and efficiency. Lead by example Transformational leaders are charismatic. They handle and meet individuals needs. As well, they upgrade the level of the needs. On the other hand, Transactional leaders possess different types of leadership style, using the right style at the necessary time. Proactive change agent Transformational leaders make an effort to inspire their followers to help them change and transcend their selves for greater purposes. On the other hand, Transactional leaders reward their followers in terms of their performance. They are reactive to change at instances. Vision creator propagandist Transformational leaders make effort to create a vision of desired future state. They communicate pain of change that worth the effort. On the other hand, Transactional leaders focus on company goals and objectives. They make sure the needed goals are achieved. 9.0 Examples Transactional Leadership In this kind of leadership, a clear chain of command is established. The leader motivates his subordinates by presenting them rewards and punishments. All requirements for a subordinate are clearly stated with corresponding rewards. If they fail to satisfy those requirements, they will receive a corresponding punishment. A couple of famous examples of transactional leaders are Joseph McCarthy and Charles de Gaulle. Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders  lead by motivating by their followers. Leaders appeal to their followers ideals and morals to motivate them in accomplishing their tasks. Basically, these kinds of leaders empower their followers using their own beliefs and personal strengths. Simply put, they inspire their followers. Famous transformational leaders include Martin Luther King Jr. and Walt Disney. 10.0 Conclusion Finally, the transactional style of leadership is viewed as insufficient, but not bad, in developing the maximum leadership potential. It forms as the basis for more mature interactions but care should be taken by leaders not to practice it exclusively, otherwise it will lead to the creation of an environment permeated by position, power, perks, and politics. On the other hand, transformational Leadership by definition, seek to transform. When the organization does not need transforming and people are happy as they are, then such a leader will be frustrated. Like wartime leaders, however, given the right situation they come into their own and can be personally responsible for saving entire companies.

Differring Religions In Todays Essay -- essays research papers

Differring Religions Each religious group possesses its’ own individual world- view. Two groups, which vary a great deal when reflecting upon their world-views are the Native Americans and the Puritans. While one group holds one set of standards and beliefs to be true, the other group abides by a completely opposite set of ideas. The Native American religion functions using its’ own world –view. Unlike in Western religions, the Native American religion does not have certain places in which they need to be more religious than others do. In the Native American religion there is no notion of essential monotheism. There is no one true god in their religion; therefore they are free to have open-ended worship. The Native American religion is also made up of a pluralist belief. This means that different tribes have different myths and rituals, although they are all part of the same religion. In the handout, â€Å"Franciscans and Indian Revolt†, the idea that the world-view of Native American religion differs from many others is evident. The main conflict in this reading is that men dominate most positions in religious power. The Shaman, the Native American religious leader, manipulated the people through rituals and trances. He was said to possess supernatural powers. The Shaman was both feared and admired by the Native Americans. He was known to have the ability to either heal a sick man, or kill him. It was these types of powers, which set him apart from the Jesuit priest in the reading. Originally the Native Americans despised the entire Jesuit religion. The hated their clothing, their ideas, the way they went about their lives, etc. However, the Jesuits immunity to disease made the Native Americans take notice of them. It was through this that they began to admire their â€Å"powers†. The Native Americans saw the Jesuits as sorcerers, just as the Jesuits saw them. The Jesuits ritual of baptism made the Indians believe that Jesuits had the power to ki ll people with water. The Jesuits were also able to read and write, which greatly impressed the Native Americans. In the reading â€Å"French Views of Native Americans†, the Native-Americans are described as â€Å" they are I say, savage, haunting the woods, ignorant, lawless and rude.† They reading continues to go on referring to them as wanderers and basically a senseless use of human life. The French formed these opinions of ... ...one God. The Native Americans do not hold the idea of monotheism true, while the Puritans strictly believe in it. This is discussed throughout the reading â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†, along with the Puritan system of a covenant. It restates the idea of obeying one God, and following the ideas of the covenant along with the commandments. It also discusses the vital need for a close knit community, yet another Puritan belief. As written in the text, â€Å" every man might have need of other, and hence they might be all knit more nearly together in the bond of brotherly affection.† This is simply the idea of having a community, which is a main factor in Puritan life. There are many differences, which separate the Native American religion from the Puritan religion. Their God, their way of life and their belief system take two different paths. One group has a set of ideas which they feel are correct and appropriate to live by, while the other group has world-view s which they expect are the right ways to follow the religion in which they believe. The Puritan religion and the Native American religion may have very little, if nothing, in common, however they both served their people well.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Child Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Help me!† This is the plea of many children in America. As you read this, one little girl is crying out in pain, one little boy is begging not to be touched anymore. Many children live through everyday being abused sexually, physically, and emotionally. â€Å"More than two million cases of neglect and physical abuse are reported annually. Studies have shown that most parents who abuse their children were once abused as a child† (Funk & Wagnall’s 121). According to the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, 185 children died from child abuse in 1996. There are a lot of ways to put an end to this; it just takes some work and time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all there are the children who are emotionally abused. The question is what is emotional abuse? Emotional abuse is when the child is hurt emotionally causing changes in behavior and low self-esteem. â€Å"For example, the parents may use extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement of a child in a dark closet, and less severe acts, such as habitual scapegoating, belittling, or rejecting treatment† (NCCANCH). Children who suffer from this type of abuse grow up being called bad things and never really knowing what love is, take 10-year old Carla for example. She was both physically and emotionally abused. She was neglected; the only attention she got was bad attention. Her mother called her worthless and some of her mother’s boyfriends hit her. Childabuse.org was there for her and now Carla is doing much better (Bob Cooper). Emotional abuse, in my opinion, is a terrible type of abuse that a child could go through. Although it ma y not seem too harsh, it causes many social problems for the child. These social problems include, fear of meeting people, shyness, withdrawing from classmates, and an introverted personality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, there is physical abuse. Physical abuse is when the child has â€Å"physical injury as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking or otherwise harming a child.

Communications Persuasive Essay Essay

Specific purpose: I would like to persuade my audience that drug test screenings should be mandatory in order for welfare recipients to receive their money. Introduction Attention material: How many if you have jobs? How many if the people with jobs like to see a huge chunk of their check MIA due to state and federal taxes? And how many of you like knowing that that chuck of your check that’s missing could very well be going towards someone’s drug addiction? Thesis Statement: By enforcing a mandatory drug test to all welfare recipients, you ensure that hard working people’s tax dollars are being used the correct ways, and not being used to support a drug addiction, Preview: Today I will inform you on the pros of drug testing welfare recipients, how many states have already passed this law, how many states are trying to pass the law, the cons of the drug testing, and what we can do to out this plan into action. Body I. What benefits would drug testing welfare recipients have on our country? A. David Vitter of U.S. News Weekly states, by drug testing welfare recipients, it would ensure that all hardworking taxpayers’ money I’d going to get used in the correct and intended way. The nation is already in enough debt of more than $14 trillion, does it make much sense to be wasting tax money on illegal drugs and dishonest welfare recipients? That makes no sense at all! (Vitter, 2011) B. Enforcing drugs testing will also force drug users or addicts that are looking for financial assistance to get help before receiving money that would have been used to feed their ongoing addiction (Vitter, 2011) By coming up with a plan to make drug user go to rehabilitation centers and treating their addiction before they receive financial assistance from the government will cause people to either get better first, or not have the opportunity to take the tax money and waste it on illegal drugs anyway. ll. Where in the United States has this law been implemented? A. Many states have tried very hard to get the drug testing law put into place and used effectively but not all have succeeded. In fact only 7 of the 29 that have proposed the law have had it passed in their state. The states that have the law include Florida, Utah, Michigan, Tennessee, Arizona, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Many of the states that have Mercado 3 tried to get this law into effect include North Dakota, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Texas, Kansas, Maine, Wyoming, and Virginia (National, 2013) III. What are the possible cons to drug testing welfare recipients? A. Two Michigan mothers, both on welfare argue that the drug testing law in effect in their state is it if constitutional grounds. Tanya Marchwinski, one of these mothers states, â€Å"Just because we are lower income we are singled out. Makes me feel like I’m doing something wrong and I’m constantly being watched.† (Cannon, 1999) B. Many states that have tried passing the drug testing law have failed because it is deemed unconstitutional. Due to the simple fact that the state representatives cannot assume all welfare applicants or recipients are drug users or addicts. Being able to pass these laws would take the conditions being changed to drug testing only taking place if state representatives suspect drug use in a welfare applicant or recipient. IV. A proposal on welfare reform A. Domenick Basolo the president of Good for Society, proposes a structure somewhat like the â€Å"Three-Strikes Law† Strike 1- Failing the given drug test when applying for welfare follows in providing written documentation for agreeing to signing up for a rehabilitation program. Strike 2- Must submit random drug screening, and provide proof once a week to attending rehabilitation programs. Strike 3- YOU’RE OUT! The failure to adhere to the following conditions and opportunities given will result in loss of funds to recipient, and possible household search to rule in or out of potential child negligence (Basolo, 2013). Conclusion A. There are many opinions on the welfare reform and whether or not to require applicants and recipients for submit a drug test and pass the drug test to relieve funds. However not all ideas or opinions would be acceptable in this country, because most ideas are deemed unconstitutional. Nevertheless, it is very evident a reform in welfare is much needed. It’s just now about finding an acceptable way to reform it without creating controversy. Personally, as a hard working tax payer, I would like to know my tax dollars are going to the right things they’re intended for, not just to support a drug addict and at the same time neglect innocent children’s needs for daily life items.